Millet and Women: Cultivating Strength, Harvesting Change ….

 

Millets, often referred to as "nutri-cereals," play a crucial role in enhancing nutrition and empowering women. Rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals, millets help combat malnutrition, particularly among women and children, thereby improving maternal and child health.

Millet was once a major cultivated crop in Keonjhar district, it thrived due to the region’s favorable land and climate conditions. However, over the years, its cultivation was declined and eventually ceased, leading to the loss of traditional millet-based recipes. The disappearance of this nutritious grain from local diets has contributed to the growing malnutrition in Odisha’s tribal belt. In 2018, PECUC initiated the project “Seed–Food Sovereignty for Adivasi Communities of Odisha” to revive millet cultivation. Farmers were trained in organic practices, and under this initiative, farmers from Badjamuposi GP in Ghatagaon block began cultivating millets again. By the end of the project, 626 farmers had resumed millet cultivation after a gap of 25 years. This remarkable revival of millet farming and its impact on food security and nutrition was recognized and featured in The Indian Express on September 22, 2020.

PECUC’s efforts did not stop at reviving millet cultivation; it also took significant steps to restore traditional millet-based recipes that had nearly been forgotten. Nutritious dishes such as millet laddoo, millet kheer, millet pitha, and millet chhatua were reintroduced to the community. To promote these recipes, local food melas were organized, encouraging people to rediscover and incorporate millet into their diets.

At the state level, PECUC hosted the Gilirifula Forest Food Festival, where millet-based dishes were served to visitors, further popularizing this super food. The journey of millet revival continued beyond these events and was highlighted in district and state-level workshops on “Nutritional Self-Dependency.” These workshops brought together government stakeholders, representatives from various departments, civil society organizations (CSOs), and media personnel, ensuring broader advocacy for millet’s role in nutrition.

During this period, the Government of Odisha had also launched the Millet Mission in 2017, aiming to promote millet cultivation and consumption. In 2020, millet was successfully incorporated into the supplementary nutrition program for children at Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) in Keonjhar, marking a significant milestone in the efforts to reintroduce millet into mainstream diets. This achievement stands as a testament to the collaborative efforts in reviving, promoting, and mainstreaming millet in Odisha’s food system.

The journey of millet revival continued as PECUC took a significant step towards empowering women farmers by involving them in millet cultivation. A total of 99 women farmers were identified based on their interest and willingness to participate. They received training in millet cultivation and organic farming practices and were provided with local millet seeds to begin their journey.

This initiative proved to be highly successful. With an initial supply of 792 kg of millet seeds, the women farmers produced an impressive 4,150 kg of millet—nearly five times the quantity of seed provided. After setting aside millet for seeds and household consumption, they were able to sell approximately 1,560 kg in local markets, generating additional income for their families.

Beyond economic benefits, this initiative fostered a sense of financial independence, enhanced their role in household decision-making, and improved their family’s nutrition by adding an essential, nutrient-rich grain to their daily diet. By promoting millet-based livelihoods, women farmers are not only achieving financial stability but also contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture, creating a positive ripple effect that strengthens entire communities.

This efforts of PECUC best expressed in the testament of Mamata Mahanta, a determined woman farmer from Janheiposi village in Chakundapal GP, Patna block of Keonjhar. With her husband unable to do hard labor due to kidney issues, the entire responsibility of managing the household has fallen on her. Farming is her primary livelihood, and she grows paddy and vegetables to support her family. Despite his health challenges, her husband helps with farm work whenever possible. Mamata’s life took a positive turn when she met the PECUC team. They introduced her to millet cultivation, which immediately caught her interest. Recognizing its potential to improve both her family’s nutrition and income, she enthusiastically joined PECUC’s farmer training sessions. There, she learned about millet cultivation techniques and organic farming practices. This training opened new doors for her, offering her the chance to grow a highly nutritious crop that could benefit her family. In her own word Mamata says “With the support of PECUC, I started millet farming on one acre of land, using just 5 kg of seeds and organic methods. Learning to prepare organic manure strengthened my farming skills, and my efforts paid off with a harvest of 80 kg of millet. I have saved seeds for the next season and incorporated millet into my family’s daily diet, improving our nutrition. Seeing the benefits, I am determined to expand millet cultivation, ensuring both better health and financial stability for my family while continuing sustainable farming practices."

PECUC firmly believes that empowering women is key to building a sustainable future. When a woman is empowered, the first thing she does is strengthen her family and educate her children. She gains decision-making power, not only within her home but also in society. Her economic independence becomes a stepping stone toward social and political empowerment, giving her the confidence to shape her own destiny.

Yet, the path from dependency to self-reliance is never easy. A woman must constantly balance her household responsibilities with her financial pursuits—one cannot be sacrificed for the other. She does not have the privilege of choice in this regard; instead, she must empower herself by mastering this delicate balance.

PECUC recognizes that this journey is filled with challenges, but it is far from impossible. Across its operational areas, countless women have defied the odds and emerged stronger, proving that change is within reach. Mainstreaming women’s empowerment is a long-term process, and PECUC remains steadfast in its commitment to standing beside them, ensuring that every woman has the support she needs to rise, thrive, and lead.

Dr. Sumitra Mohanty,

Coordinator, Research, Documentation & Communication

Community Radio Station – Radio Sampark: Transforming Lives and Combating Gender-Based Violence

 

Radio Sampark 89.6 MHz, an initiative of People’s Cultural Centre (PECUC), was launched on December 26, 2021, with the aim of raising awareness and educating the community on key social issues affecting daily life. Beyond promoting local culture, values, and talents, the community radio station serves a diverse audience, including children, older persons, youth, women, and farmers. One of Radio Sampark’s most impactful contributions is its role in combating Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and domestic violence in its operational area, Nischintakoili block of Cuttack district. By leveraging radio as a tool for awareness and empowerment, the station has become a powerful catalyst for social change.

Community radio is a powerful medium that plays a crucial role in addressing gender discrimination and GBV by providing a platform for dialogue, awareness, and collective action. It reaches marginalized and rural populations who often lack access to mainstream media and formal education on gender issues. Radio Sampark harnesses the strength of community-based communication by featuring real-life stories and survivor testimonies. The station helps destigmatize discussions on GBV and encourages women to share their experiences without fear or shame.Regular programs discuss harmful gender stereotypes, cultural taboos, and misconceptions, fostering a progressive shift in societal attitudes.Many rural women are unaware of legal protections, helplines, and support systems. Through informative radio segments, they gain critical knowledge about their rights and available services.To create long-lasting change, it is essential to involve men and boys in conversations about gender equality. The station broadcasts content that encourages men to take an active role in preventing violence and supporting gender equity.

When Radio Sampark was first established, it faced significant challenges in recruiting female candidates for training and station operations. Initially, there were no suitable female applicants for the training program in Delhi by SMART. However, in just four years, the situation has transformed—today, 8 women are working at the station, and many others are volunteering at the village level, actively contributing to the station’s initiatives.

Recognizing the urgent need to address GBV, Radio Sampark launched the "Gender-Based Violence" programme in 2022, followed by "Hinsa Ku Na" in 2023 in collaboration with SMART. These programmes aim to educate the community on GBV and domestic violence, provide information on support services available for survivors, encourage survivors to speak up and seek help.

As part of these initiatives, Nari Shakti Women Groups were formed in different villages, with each group consisting of 20 women members. These groups hold regular weekly meetings, and members undergo training based on a specially designed module. So far, 11 Nari Shakti Mahila Groups have been established, forming a strong network of 257 women.

At the outset, conducting meetings on GBV was challenging. Many people in the community misunderstood the purpose of these groups and even discouraged women from joining. However, over time, mindsets began to shift.

Women gradually became aware of the various forms of violence they might face, how GBV impacts families and communities, their legal rights and available support systems.

With increased confidence, members began engaging in discussions, sharing personal experiences, and reporting cases of violence. Many women now recognize the positive impact these groups have on their lives.

To further extend awareness, special radio programs on gender and GBV were broadcasted on Radio Sampark 89.6 MHz. These programs were narrowcasted in communities, schools, and colleges to educate young minds, break societal barriers  and drive long-term behavioral change.

Outreach activities such as door-to-door visits, awareness campaigns at village fairs and functions, and interactive sessions in marketplaces have helped spread the message to a larger audience.

As a result of these interventions, 31 cases of violence have been reported, many of which were successfully resolved through mutual understanding.Women have gained crucial information about:Sakhi One Stop Centres ,Women’s helpline numbers ,The Protection Officer ,The Domestic Violence (DV) Act and its provisions ,Shifting Mindsets and Breaking Gender Stereotypes.

Beyond increasing reporting of GBV cases, these initiatives are also challenging deep-rooted gender norms and stereotypes that have long restricted women’s and girls’ potential.

As shared by Padmavati Behera, a member of the Nari Shakti Women Group:"One of the most valuable lessons we’ve learned is that no one is inferior—boys and girls are equal. This realization was deeply personal for me. I had always known it in my heart but never had the confidence to say it out loud. Before joining the group, I unknowingly favored my son over my daughter. But after gaining awareness, I started treating them both with equal love and care. Now, I also teach other women in our group about gender equality. Change takes time, but I can already see the transformation happening."

The Road Ahead: Sustaining Change for a Violence-Free Society, bringing about a shift in mindset, challenging gender stereotypes, and preventing GBV requires: Long-term interventions, continuous awareness programs & sustained education efforts

Social change is a gradual process, but meaningful transformation takes time. Over the past four years, Radio Sampark has played a crucial role in sparking change—a change that might have otherwise remained unnoticed.

More women now recognize their right to speak up against injustice, both within their families and in society. They are also becoming aware of their right to make decisions that directly impact their lives. Through its dedicated programs and community engagement efforts, Radio Sampark continues to build a strong foundation for a more just, equal, and violence-free society.

Ms. Anuradha Mohanty,

Executive Director, PECUC

Empowering Women…..Leading Change…

 

Women empowerment enables women to have control over their lives, make independent decisions, and access equal opportunities in education, employment, and social participation. It involves breaking societal barriers, ensuring gender equality, and providing women with the skills, resources, and confidence to achieve their full potential. Empowered women contribute to the growth of families, communities, and nations, fostering a more inclusive and progressive society. People’s Cultural Centre [PECUC] has been a part of empowering women since its inception in 1990. In all its operational areas, PECUC has empowered more than 30000 women through various programme initiatives such as women SHGs, trade based groups, working with women PRIs, Mahila Samukshya Sangha, Mahila Arogya Samiti, Young Women groups, campaigns etc.

PECUC has worked with 520 women functionaries of Panchayatiraj Institutions of Balianta and Bolgarh blocks in Khordha district to enhance their capacity through continuous information sharing & knowledge building, need-based training on various issues, mobilizing women to Gramsava & pallisava etc. The women leaders have proved their ability in discharging their roles and responsibilities independently, monitoring implementations of scheme & programmes, protecting environment, campaigning for ending violence against women, public hearing on Domestic Violence cases with women commission. PECUC has opened Gender Panchayat Resource centre at all panchayats of Balianta block and 5 Panchayats of Bolgarh block. These centres are managed by women PRI functionaries of that area. In 2008, a notification was issued by Block Development Officer of Balianta Block to hold separate Grievance day in every last Saterday 1^st half in the Block office for Women PRI functionaries and working women, which is first of its kind in Odisha.

To foster the economic empowerment of women, PECUC began forming women’s groups in the early 1990s. It took nearly two and a half years to establish and open bank accounts for the first 13 women Self-Help Groups (SHGs). These pioneering groups paved the way for the formation of over a hundred more in the following years, creating a ripple effect across the region.

However, the journey was not without challenges. The women initially struggled to step out of their homes due to societal barriers, and even banks were reluctant to open their accounts. In the first phase, NABARD extended support to PECUC, motivating and facilitating banks to take the initiative, ultimately leading to the successful opening of accounts.

Today, PECUC has established 467 SHGs across Khordha, Keonjhar, and Balasore districts, empowering 5,542 women. Additionally, 51 young women’s groups with 728 members have been formed to safeguard women’s reproductive rights.

PECUC remains committed to the holistic development of women, focusing on their physical, economic, social, and political empowerment, ensuring that they thrive in every sphere of life.

These transformations reflect the organization's unwavering commitment to social development. These achievements are the result of PECUC’s dedicated efforts in providing handholding support, essential training, motivation, and guidance at every step of the journey. By empowering women, fostering self-reliance, and addressing critical social issues, PECUC continues to bring meaningful and lasting change to the lives of countless individuals.

In particular, PECUC’s initiatives have played a crucial role in fostering women’s empowerment by creating opportunities for education, skill development, and economic independence. Through targeted training programs, self-help groups, and awareness campaigns, women are encouraged to break barriers, take leadership roles, and actively participate in decision-making processes. By ensuring access to resources and promoting gender equality, PECUC continues to uplift women, enabling them to build a better future for themselves and their communities.  

 

Ms. Anuradha Mohanty,

Executive Director, PECUC

Climate change and extreme weathers

 A Warming Planet, Extreme Weather The Earth's temperature is steadily rising, leading to significant disruptions in weather patterns. Scientific consensus points to human activities as the primary driver of this warming, resulting in more frequent and intense extreme weather events such as heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods.

The Far-Reaching Impacts Climate change has profound consequences for society, the environment, and the economy. Rising temperatures can increase energy consumption, spread diseases, and impact agricultural yields. More extreme weather events pose significant risks to life, property, and critical infrastructure.

A Complex and Interconnected Crisis The effects of climate change are multifaceted and interconnected. Droughts can lead to water shortages, reduced crop yields, and economic hardship. Floods can cause widespread damage, displace populations, and contribute to the spread of diseases. These impacts are often felt most severely by marginalized communities.

A Window of Opportunity While the challenges posed by climate change are immense, there is still an opportunity to mitigate its worst effects. By transitioning to clean energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we can limit global warming and create new economic opportunities. Additionally, investing in climate adaptation measures can help communities build resilience to extreme weather events.

Our Changing Planet

The evidence of climate change is undeniable:

• Rising temperatures: Global average temperatures have increased significantly since the early 20th century.
• Melting ice: Glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, contributing to sea level rise.
• Ocean changes: Sea levels are rising, ocean waters are warming and acidifying, impacting marine ecosystems.
• Extreme weather: Heatwaves, heavy rainfall, droughts, and storms are becoming more frequent and intense.

Impacts on Water, Ecosystems, and Infrastructure Climate change is altering water availability, with increased flooding in some regions and severe droughts in others. Ecosystems are under stress, with many species struggling to adapt to rapid changes. Critical infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and power grids, is vulnerable to extreme weather events and rising sea levels.

The Human Toll Climate change poses significant risks to human health, including increased heat-related illnesses, the spread of diseases, and worsening air quality. It also exacerbates existing inequalities, as marginalized communities are often disproportionately affected. Mass displacement due to climate-related disasters is a growing concern.

Economic Consequences The economic costs of climate change are substantial, encompassing damages from extreme weather events, losses in agriculture and tourism, and the costs of adaptation and mitigation.

Agriculture Under Pressure Agriculture is a cornerstone of human civilization, yet it is highly vulnerable to climate change. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events are disrupting traditional farming practices and threatening food security worldwide.

• Reduced crop yields: Increased heat stress, droughts, and floods can lead to lower crop productivity.
• Shifting agricultural zones: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns may force farmers to adapt to new crops or relocate.
• Increased pests and diseases: Warmer temperatures create favorable conditions for pests and diseases, damaging crops.
• Water scarcity: More frequent and severe droughts reduce water availability for irrigation, impacting crop growth.
• Soil degradation: Climate change can accelerate soil erosion and nutrient loss, reducing soil fertility.
• Economic losses: Farmers face financial hardships due to reduced yields, increased costs, and unpredictable weather patterns.

A Looming Crisis If global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the world faces a catastrophic future with widespread food and water shortages, mass displacement, and economic collapse. Urgent action is needed to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change and build a sustainable future for all.

 

Sushree Shailani Suman

 

Nurturing Nature: Exploring the soul Connection between Humans and the Environment

 

The world in which we are living today is dominated by the technological advancement and which is silently hampering the delicate balance between human and its environment. Our planet harbours a very complex yet wondrous interconnected system of ecosystem, each playing its parts in supporting life and diversities of nature. But slowly and gradually we are missing out these intricate connections that tie us to the natural world. It is essential to rekindle our connection with environment and to explore the profound bond between humans and the natural world. Our planet is now facing the major challenge of climate change and it is going to affect the survival of human race if not checked in time. Our health and life is closely linked with planet’s health. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, or the homes we live in, everything we do is connected to the environment.

So we need to step back and find out the ways to preserve this unique biodiversity of our planet. The world has enough resource to fulfil our need but not our greed. We have to mend our ways to heal our planet. There are things we can do, like using energy from the sun or wind, and being careful with how we grow food, that can help slow down climate change. Living sustainably means finding ways to take care of the Earth while also taking care of ourselves. We'll talk about easy things we can do, like not making too much garbage and using less energy. Each small thing we do can help make the Earth healthier. Sometimes, we need to fix things that we've destroyed by our action. We have to plant more trees, clean the plastic garbage, reduce the use of plastic, clean the river, pond, other water source, regenerate water bodies, save energy, use sustainable energy and learn to minimalise our need so that our future generation will live well. But alone we cannot achieve this big dream, we have to work together to make this changes happen. When we stand up for nature, we can make sure that our leaders make good choices to help the Earth. We're connected to the Earth in a special way, and it's our job to take care of it. We can learn, act, and speak up to protect the natural world for the future. Let's work together to keep our planet healthy for everyone and everything that calls it home.

Ms. Puja Panda,

Campaign Coordinator, PECUC

Eco-Industry: Pioneering Sustainable Practices for Tomorrow's World

 In a world where the environment needs a helping hand, industries are stepping up to the plate, and making big changes to become more eco-friendly. This transformation is not just a trend but a commitment to creating a better, greener future. Let's explore how these changes are happening and why they matter.

Green Manufacturing and Cleaner Technologies

Industries are reimagining the way they make things by adopting green manufacturing practices. This means they're using cleaner technologies and brainstorming new ideas to ensure that their production processes don't harm the environment. It's like giving Mother Earth a breather while still keeping the wheels of industry turning.

Smart Energy Moves

Ever wondered where the energy to power industries comes from? Well, now industries are finding smarter ways to use energy. They're turning to renewable sources like the sun and wind, and using technology that doesn't pump out harmful pollutants. This not only helps fight climate change but also makes good economic sense by using energy more wisely.

Reducing, Reusing, Recycling

Imagine if instead of throwing things away after using them once, we found ways to use them again. Industries are doing just that. They're reducing waste and recycling materials throughout a product's entire life. This isn't just about being eco-friendly.It's about finding better ways of doing things that benefit both the environment and the industries themselves.

Companies with a Heart

It turns out that industries aren't just interested in making money, they care about the environment and society too. They're making sure the materials they use are sourced responsibly, and they're being careful about how they make and distribute their products. This doesn't just impact their bottom line.It also has a positive effect on the communities where they operate.

Technological Wizards

Technology is playing a superhero role in making industries more efficient. Smart manufacturing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the tech wizards at play. They're helping industries streamline processes, reduce waste, and, most importantly, be kinder to the environment. It's like industries are getting a digital makeover for a greener world.

Water Warriors and Waste Busters

Water and waste management are becoming big priorities for industries. They're using better methods to use water wisely and treating industrial wastewater to protect our water resources. Industries are also taking responsibility for their impact on local communities by creating jobs, supporting community programs, and making sure their operations benefit society as a whole.

Government and Global Green Rules

Governments and international organizations are like referees making sure everyone plays fair in the green game. They're setting rules to encourage companies to be more environmentally friendly. Industries are paying attention to where they get their materials and how they distribute their products to make sure they are part of a sustainable supply chain.

Shaping Tomorrow and Today

In wrapping up this journey into the world of eco-friendly industries, it's clear that the shift towards sustainability is not just a buzzword but a meaningful change. Industries are transforming into eco-warriors, paving the way for a greener, more balanced future. By embracing green manufacturing, smart energy solutions, and social responsibility, they're not just changing their practices.They're becoming pioneers of a sustainable tomorrow. As we all hop on this eco-friendly train, let's celebrate the positive impact these changes are having on our planet and communities. Together, we're shaping a brighter, greener, and more sustainable tomorrow.

 

Samarprita

1st-year MCOM,

Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka

 

Gender Equity - Paving the Path to Gender Equality

 

Gender equity serves as the strategic pathway towards the attainment of gender equality, an issue that stands out as one of the most prominent and pressing challenges of the 21st century. It's worth pondering why gender has become such a focal point in contemporary discourse and when this transformation began. Our current era is marked by a societal shift, transitioning away from the patriarchal foundations that once dominated to an emerging egalitarian society where every individual plays a vital role. This shift is inherent to the broader transformation from an agrarian society to a technologically advanced one, a process that unfolds gradually over time.

The evolution of this gender-related issue parallels the broader societal transformation. It reflects the understanding that a society where half of its population is denied opportunities cannot truly thrive. As education becomes more widespread, people come to recognise the paramount importance of gender equality.

However, the pursuit of gender equality is an extensive and intricate endeavour. It necessitates the implementation of a strategy known as gender equity. This approach acknowledges and confronts existing disparities, biases, and disadvantages faced by individuals of different genders, all with the ultimate objective of leveling the playing field and ensuring equal rights and opportunities for everyone, regardless of their gender.

Gender equity tackles flaws in our societal framework by recognising existing inequalities and providing tailored support to facilitate the necessary changes. It champions fairness in the treatment of individuals, irrespective of their gender, and actively dismantles barriers that hinder individuals from realising their full potential due to gender-based discrimination. This often involves revising policies, altering practices, and challenging attitudes that perpetuate gender disparities.

Moreover, gender equity strives to create an inclusive environment where every individual feels valued and empowered. It takes into account the concept of intersectionality, recognising that individuals may experience various forms of discrimination or privilege based on factors such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, and socioeconomic status. This approach ensures that equity efforts are comprehensive and inclusive, addressing multiple layers of societal bias.

In conclusion, gender equity operates as a strategic component within the broader framework of gender equality. By implementing gender equity measures, societies make significant strides towards achieving gender equality, thereby ensuring that everyone enjoys equal opportunities and rights, irrespective of their gender.

Dr. Sumitra Mohanty,

Coordinator, Research, Documentation & Communication Dept.,  PECUC

Planting trees can be a solution for reducing global warming

 

The threat of global warming is well known to all. The destruction it is bringing to the earth’s biodiversity is immense and incalculable. Some of its effects can be seen in the rising heat wave, changing weather patterns, flash floods, an increase in the frequency of cyclones, the loss of marine and coastal ecosystems, etc. All these things pose serious threats to humans as well as other life forms on Earth. Global warming is primarily caused by human activities such as deforestation, the burning of fossil fuels, and industrial processes. These activities release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, tapping heat and leading to an increase in global temperature.

Planting trees can be helpful in reducing global warming and mitigating the effects of climate change. Trees play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and storing it as biomass. Trees act as a natural carbon sink, and as they grow, they clear the air of carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and slowing down global warming. Trees also provide shade and transpire water through their leaves, which cools the surrounding air. Planting trees can also help preserve and enhance biodiversity. It also contributes to soil health by promoting nutrient cycling and preventing erosion. Trees also help regulate the water cycle by intercepting rain, reducing runoff, and promoting groundwater recharge. This helps mitigate the impact of floods and droughts, which can be intensified by climate change.

Though planting trees is beneficial, it is also not a standalone solution to global warming. To successfully address the effects of climate change, planting trees can be a part of a comprehensive strategy that focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, forest conservation, sustainable land use, renewable energy transition, etc. Planting trees should be a part of this broader integrated approach to creating lasting impacts on mitigating climate change and preserving the planet for future generations.

 

Dr. Sumitra Mohanty, MA, PhD

Coordinator, Research, Documentation, and Communication Dept

People’s Cultural Centre (PECUC)

Yoga's Transformative Power

 

Finding a sense of peace and balance becomes crucial in a world that moves quickly and continuously demands our attention. Here comes yoga, a discipline that integrates the mind, body, and spirit. Yoga offers a route to both physical and mental wellness through a series of positions, breathing exercises, and meditation. It improves posture, flexibility, and strength while calming the mind and body. Yoga cultivates attention, self-awareness, and inner tranquilly in addition to its physical advantages. It promotes peace and a deep sense of tranquilly by inspiring us to connect with both our inner selves and the environment around us. Take use of yoga's transformational potential to live a beautiful, centred life.

                                              

Aryan Rout,

BBA 2^nd year, Sec- B,

Centurion University of Technology & Management,

Bhubaneswar, Odissa

Preventing tobacco use among young people a critical public health goal

 

Tobacco use has been a significant public health issue for decades, and it has a profound impact on youth and children. Despite the well-known health risks associated with tobacco use, many young people continue to smoke or use other tobacco products. The use of tobacco products has a profound impact on the health and well-being of young people. Tobacco use is a significant public health concern in India, contributing to a high burden of diseases and premature deaths. According to data from the Global Burden of Disease study, in 2019, tobacco use accounted for an estimated 1.3 million deaths in India.

Here are some of the specific ways that tobacco use can impact youth and children:

·         Nicotine, the primary addictive substance in tobacco, is highly addictive, and young people are particularly vulnerable to its effects. In fact, research has shown that 90% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Once addicted, it can be very difficult to quit.

·          The brain continues to develop well into young adulthood, and tobacco use during this time can have a negative impact on cognitive function, memory, and attention span.

·          Tobacco use is associated with a range of chronic diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory illnesses like emphysema and bronchitis.

·          Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk of developing respiratory illnesses, ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

On 31 May 2023, WHO and public health champions around the world will come together to celebrate World No Tobacco Day (WNTD). This year’s theme is “We need food, not tobacco”. The 2023 global campaign aims to raise awareness about alternative crop production and marketing opportunities for tobacco farmers and encourage them to grow sustainable, nutritious crops. The growing food crisis is driven by conflicts and wars, climatic shocks, and the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural causes like the choice of crop also have an impact, and a look into tobacco growing reveals how it contributes to increased food insecurity:

• Across the globe around 3.5 million hectares of land are converted for tobacco growing each year. Growing tobacco also contributes to deforestation of 200 000 hectares a year.
• Tobacco growing is resource intensive and requires heavy use of pesticides and fertilizers, which contribute to soil degradation.
• Land used for growing tobacco then has a lower capacity for growing other crops, such as food, since tobacco depletes soil fertility.
• Compared with other agricultural activities such as maize growing and even livestock grazing, tobacco farming has a far more destructive impact on ecosystems as tobacco farmlands are more prone to desertification.

Any profits to be gained from tobacco as a cash crop may not offset the damage done to sustainable food production in low- and middle-income countries. The intensive handling of insecticides and toxic chemicals during the cultivation of tobacco contributes to many farmers and their families suffering from ill health and the child labour that is often woven into tobacco cultivation interferes with the right to education .Nine of the 10 largest tobacco cultivators are low- and middle-income countries, and 4 of these are defined as low-income food-deficit countries. Land used to grow tobacco could be more efficiently used to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 – zero hunger.The 2023 WNTD campaign calls on governments and policy-makers to step up legislation, develop suitable policies and strategies, and enable market conditions for tobacco farmers to shift to growing food crops that would provide them and their families with a better life.

Preventing tobacco use among young people is a critical public health goal. Here are some strategies that can help prevent tobacco use and intervene when it does occur:

·         Educating young people about the dangers of tobacco use and the negative impact it can have on their health can be an effective way to prevent them from starting.

·         Creating smoke-free environments, such as schools, parks, and public spaces, can help reduce exposure to secondhand smoke.

·         Complete ban of designated places for smoking in public places.

·         Restricting access to tobacco products by raising the minimum age to purchase or use tobacco upto 21Years , as well as increasing taxes on tobacco products, can help reduce use among young people.

• Banning the sale of single sticks of cigarettes so that they will be more expensive for children and youth will reduce their use.
• Regulation of tobacco depletion in OTT Platform

Tobacco use is a significant public health issue that has a profound impact on the health and well-being of young people. Preventing tobacco use among young people should be a priority for public health officials, educators, parents, and the community at large. By raising awareness, creating smoke-free environments, restricting access, and providing cessation resources, we can help reduce tobacco use among youth and prevent the negative health consequences associated with it.

Anuradha Mohanty

Executive Director, PECUC

anuradhabbsr2015@gmail.com

We need food, not tobacco - World No -tobacco Day,2023

 

He is not getting a sufficient meal a day. He could not look into the helpless eyes of his mother. So he went outside to spend some time with his friends. They couldn't supply him with food, but tobacco, the cheapest. At a very young age, he suffered from oral cancer. He sold his properties for treatment and got cured. Now he has a family with a wife and two children. He is a trolley puller. Now they strive for food, not tobacco.

India bears three-fourths of the burden of the world's tobacco. 267 million users are in India. 21.4% use smokeless tobacco, out of which 29.6% are men and 12.8% are women. 7.7%use bidis. 30.2% of adults are second hand smokers. Smoking causes cancer of all sorts, especially oral cancer and lung cancer. 1.2 million people die every year in India due to tobacco and its effects. 90% of oral cancers are due to smoking.

The hunger situation in India is very precarious. In 2021, the position of India was 101 out of 121 countries, and the position of malnutrition was 107 out of 121 countries. 224.3 million people are undernourished. Child wasting is 19.3%, which is worse than 2014 (15.1%).

Smoking not only causes cancer and TB, it is also associated with CV, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Lack of food may aggravate the situation earlier, causing a loss of income due to the loss of human capital of the smoker and the family members as caretakers. Women are thrown out of the family. So tobacco can never be a substitute for food. 13.3% of people smoke in public places. Let us take a vow to totally eradicate it by making some amendments to the law and enforcing them with all honesty.

Tobacco is less precious than life.

 

Dr. Minakshi Panda, PhD

Retd. Prof. of Political Science

Chairman, PECUC

Theories of health- On the eve of Platinum Jubilee celebration of WHO

 

All down the ages, people use different concepts to explain health issues which is popularly known as the Theories of health. In the ancient age, the influence of the evil spirit, witchcraft, and the wrath of a vengeful God, was treated to be the cause. Ancient Greeks and medieval Europeans treated it due to the possible imbalance of Phlegm, choler, or yellow bile, blood, and black bile. Subsequently, the theory of contagion for the leper and other skin diseases came into focus. Till 1800, cancer and mental health were treated to be contagious. 

Up to the mid of 19th century, miasma theory continued which explains that diseases grow out of rotting organic matter which was supported by malaria. The germ theory was very ancient and couldn't dominate till the discovery of microscopic organisms. In the late 19th century Henle-Koch postulated metabolism, hormones biochemical causes of diseases. Sigmund Freud explained mental, emotional and emotional personality with the health of human beings. 

Environmental pollution both by human beings and natural has created many types of virus in the air causing pandemics like CORONA and many more virus-caused diseases. The emotional imbalance caused has provoked them to take tobacco, alcohol, and other addictives causing recurring illnesses. 

The definition of health has gone beyond the mere absence of diseases to a complete well-being of an individual. The definition is given by WHO on 7th October 2011 as "A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The three dimensions of the definition constitute (1) the absence of diseases or impairment (2) a state that allows the individual to adequately cope with all demands of daily life (including the absence of disease and impairment). (3) a state of balance and equilibrium that an individual has established within himself and his social and physical environment.  

From a handful of imaginary witches to its social and physical environment- the base is getting wider and wider involving more and more people in it in varieties of ways. So the solution only lies with us. What is required is an attitude of honesty in everything we do and think.  

 

 Dr. Minakshi Panda,

Retd. Prof. of Political Science,

Chairman, PECUC

Sports can be a powerful means of promoting positive change among children and youth

 Sports can be an effective way to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children and youth, and can play a key role in helping them lead a stress-free life. Sports can be a powerful tool for promoting positive behavioural change among children and youth. Through participation in sports, young people can develop important social skills such as teamwork, communication, and respect, which can help to promote positive behaviour both on and off the field. Sports can be a powerful tool for promoting positive change among children and youth. By providing opportunities for physical activity, team building, and skill development, sports can help young people build confidence, develop important social skills, and promote healthy lifestyles.

Furthermore, sports can be a way to teach important life skills such as goal-setting, problem-solving, and decision-making, which can help young people develop the self-discipline and self-control necessary to make positive choices in their lives. In addition, sports can provide a positive outlet for young people to channel their energy and emotions, helping to reduce the risk of engaging in negative or risky behaviours such as substance abuse or delinquency.Sports can also be a way to promote positive values such as fair play, respect, and tolerance, which can have a lasting impact on young people's attitudes and behaviours. By providing opportunities to interact with peers from diverse backgrounds, sports can help young people develop empathy and understanding for others, which can help promote positive relationships and reduce the risk of engaging in negative behaviours such as bullying or discrimination. Sports can be used to promote gender equality by providing girls and young women with opportunities to participate in sports and develop leadership skills. Sports can also be used to promote peace and reconciliation by bringing together youth from different backgrounds and promoting understanding and respect.

Participation in sports can also have a positive impact on academic performance, as it has been shown to improve concentration, focus, and cognitive function ,can provide a healthy outlet for managing stress and emotions, as well as a means of building resilience and coping skills. By participating in sports, children and youth can learn how to handle challenges, setbacks, and pressure in a healthy and productive way, which can have a positive impact on their overall well-being.

 The International Day of Sports for Development and Peace is celebrated every year on April 6th, as declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2013. The International Day of Sports for Development and Peace is a day to celebrate the power of sport as a tool for social change, and to raise awareness of the role that sport can play in promoting sustainable development, peace, education, and health.

Sports can bring people together across cultural and social boundaries and help foster understanding, tolerance, and respect. They can also provide a platform for addressing important issues such as health, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. sports can be a social activity, providing opportunities for social interaction and support, that can help reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly during times of stress or hardship. By being part of a sports team or community, children and youth can develop a sense of belonging and connectedness, which can be particularly important during adolescence when peer relationships are so important.

Anuradha Mohanty

Executive Director ,PECUC

Anuradhabbsr2015@gmail.com

Sexual and Reproductive Health& Rights - An essential tool for women empowerment

 

Women from the earliest ages have been denied their basic rights. Their position in society has always remained secondary to men. Society and its various norms and conditions have always despised and discriminated against women. Though in India women have always been glorified as mother, wife, and daughter, in reality, they have been denied the most basic right, which is to even decide about their own lives. With the change of time, the situation is changing, and the introduction of Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 5, - Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, has raised some hope for a better future for women and girls. Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but also a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. There has been progress over the last decades; women and girls are now entering a newer phase of development where they have the right and freedom to choose their own course of life. Their participation in socio-economic spheres has also been increasing gradually and paving the way for a better tomorrow.

SRHR are essential for women’s empowerment and freedom of choice in terms of their sexual and reproductive health. SRHR grants women the right to make informed decisions about their bodies, sexual health and reproduction. This includes the right to access comprehensive and quality healthcare services, the right to seek advice and information without fear of discrimination, and the right to make decisions about sexual and reproductive health without interference. SRHR also includes the right to access contraception and family planning services, safe and legal abortion services, and the right to access sexual and reproductive health services without fear of being denied due to age, gender, or marital status.

SRHR can also help reduce gender-based violence and discrimination, and promote gender equity. SRHR can also help reduce poverty and improve the health and well-being of women and girls. By granting women the right to make their own decisions about their sexual and reproductive health, they are empowered to make informed choices and take control of their lives. SRHR also helps to ensure that women are provided with access to the care they need, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and post-care services. In addition, SRHR can help reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.

Judging from the benefits of SRH rights, it can be considered an important tool for bringing freedom and justice to women by breaking the age old traditions of slavery, discrimination, violence, and negligence. In the words of famous thinker, philosopher, and spiritual leader Swami Vivekananda, "There is no chance of the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is not possible for a bird to fly on one wing". The development of women plays a very crucial role in the development of a nation. Giving them equal opportunity like their male counterparts will be beneficial for the families to prosper, society to develop, and the nation to progress. In one generation, the whole world will benefit from the development of half of its population.

 

Dr. Sumitra Mohanty,

Coordinator, Research, Documentation and Communication Dept., PECUC 

Digital Revolution and Environment…….

 

Our lives have become more comfortable with the advent of modern technology. The process of industrialization began opened new opportunities to earn a living and improve life. But the quest for development, progress, and a better life did not end there, but continued and opened another new chapter, the age of technology.

It was a period of rapid scientific discovery, standardization, mass production, and industrialization from the late 19th to the early 20th century. Beginning with the colour camera TV and continuing with magnetic tape and transatlantic cable in the 1950s, this led to rapid improvements in mass communication. It was the second phase of industrialization. But progress continued and eventually, we reached an age we call the digital age. It opened numerous possibilities and opportunities for a better and more improved lifestyle. Information and communication became the most important tools of this digital revolution. It benefits are many i.e. easy sharing of information through internet, email, social media provide people ample opportunities to work together on different issues, helping to connect people in a meaningful way without costly expenses, going paperless- storing large amount of data electronically etc.

But all these come with a price. Developing technology to do all positive things causes many environmental problems. Smart phone, computers have metal components to make them work such as iron, aluminum and gold. And metal need mining, which causes water pollution, air pollution, carbon emission, noise pollution, dangers to human health and destroys ecosystems and also contributes for climate change.  But the story does not end here; when newer technologies come, people discard their old electronic devices to purchase new one. Currently the world throws away 6.5 billion dollars worth of electronic every year and only 20% is recycled. These e-waste can have toxic components should not be dumped into landfill. Good news is e-waste can be recycled and precious metals can be reclaimed, which helps reduce the amount that needs to be mined in the future. The plastic can also be recycled and reused.

Collecting, storing and processing of data also consume lots of energy and creates a lot of heat. Digital activity has become a multifaceted entity, streaming of movie and music, online gaming, crypto currency trading, digital banking, sending tweet or surfing the internet etc.Though these mediums are beneficial but it often comes with a price. They are sending data and companies need to use power to process that data and which resulted in emissions. Streaming video uses an extraordinary amount of energy, “the average CO2 consumption of streamed online video is more than 300 million ton per year, the equivalent of Spain’s annual emissions according to a 2019 study by the shift Project. Moreover, the energy consumption level by digital technology has increased by almost 70%, between 2013 to 2020. 

But this digital technology can also be used to find solution for sustainable consumption and production pattern and also can be helpful in managing environment. This digital revolution can also be used to combat climate change, advance global sustainability, environment protection and human well-being. Data and information is essential to build awareness of the state of our planet, to influence consumer behaviour .

Dr. Sumitra Mohanty,

Coordinator, Research, Documentation and Communication, PECUC